Theories of consciousness: Antiquity (≤500 CE)

List of theories whose epoch is Antiquity (≤500 CE). They are part of the wider catalogue of 222 theories of consciousness. You can also see the interactive graph or switch facet:

19 theories classified under “Antiquity (≤500 CE)”.

Advaita Vedānta
Adi Shankara (systematiser) · Spirituality · 800
Ayahuasca and Amazonian cosmovision
Shipibo, Ashaninka, Shuar y otros pueblos amazónicos · Indigenous tradition · -1000
Buddhist anātman
Buddha Śākyamuni, Nāgārjuna, Vasubandhu · Spirituality · -450
Circumpolar shamanic traditions
Tungus, Inuit, Sami and Tuvan traditions · Indigenous tradition · -2000
Confucianism and ethical consciousness
Confucio, Mencio, Wang Yangming · Spirituality · -500
Dreamtime and Songlines
Tradición aborigen australiana · Indigenous tradition · -40000
Dzogchen and the non-dual nature of mind
Garab Dorje, Longchenpa, Mipham · Spirituality · 750
Four yogas and paths of realization
Bhagavad Gītā, Vivekananda · Spirituality · 200
Gnosticism and the divine spark
Valentín, Basílides · Spirituality · 150
Hermeticism and the Divine Mind
Hermes Trismegisto (attributed), Ficino · Spirituality · 200
Madhyamaka and emptiness
Nāgārjuna · Spirituality · 200
Neoplatonism and emanation of the One
Plotino, Porfirio, Proclo · Philosophy · 250
Patañjali's classical yoga
Patañjali · Spirituality · 400
Pre-Socratic philosophy and nous
Anaxágoras, Heráclito, Parménides · Philosophy · -500
Sāṃkhya and puruṣa-prakṛti dualism
Kapila (attributed), Īśvarakṛṣṇa · Spirituality · 350
Taoism and wu wei
Laozi, Zhuangzi · Spirituality · -500
Vipassanā and mindful attention
Buddha Śākyamuni, Mahasi Sayadaw, S.N. Goenka · Spirituality · -450
Yogācāra Buddhism
Asaṅga, Vasubandhu · Spirituality · 350
Yoruba and consciousness as Orí
Tradición yoruba, Wande Abimbola · Indigenous tradition · -500